Upper Zone Digital Passport

Upper Zone Digital Passport

Unified system for recording the state of the ridge, summit and upper catchment area

The digital passport of the upper zone is a structured database that combines the spatial, hydrological, geological, climatic, biological and infrastructural characteristics of a specific section of the mountain ridge.

The passport is created not as a static description of the territory, but as a constantly updated engineering model.

It should show:

what is on the site;

how the territory operates in normal mode;

how it reacts to rain, snow, wind, drought and fire;

what processes are already changing;

what structures exist;

where are the critical points;

what actions need to be performed;

Who is responsible for monitoring and maintenance?

The main principle:

Each upper catchment area should have its own digital history, measurable current state, and forecast of behavior during extreme events.

1. Purpose of the digital passport

The digital passport is used for:

inventory of the territory;

design of restoration measures;

risk assessments;

planting planning;

calculation of water-retaining elements;

road and trail management;

control of springs;

fire planning;

monitoring organizations;

comparison of the state by years;

documentation of completed work;

formation of tasks for contractors;

preparation of reports;

Mountain Digital Twin updates.

The passport becomes the basic unit of territorial governance.

2. Object of certification

A passport can be created for:

separate peak;

ridge section;

saddles;

upper plateau;

upper bowl;

micro-catchment;

road section;

spring feeding area;

fire sector;

snow retention zones;

fog interception zones;

landslide-prone area.

It is preferable to divide a large peak into functional areas rather than create one general document for the entire area.

3. Unique identification

Each object receives a unique digital code.

Example structure:

DLM-MA-ATL-03-RG-014

Where:

DLM — DREVO Living Mountains;

MA — country;

ATL is a mountain range;

03 — catchment area;

RG — object type, ridge;

014 is the plot number.

Additional designations:

PK — peak, summit;

SD — saddle;

PL — plateau;

HW — headwater;

SP — spring, source;

RD — road;

FP — fire sector;

SN — snow sector;

FG — fog sector.

The code does not change when you change your operator or update your data.

4. Basic registration data

The passport indicates:

unique code;

official or local name;

side;

region;

municipality;

mountain system;

headwaters;

sub-basin;

coordinates of the center;

polygon boundaries;

square;

minimum height;

maximum height;

passport creation date;

date of last update;

site status;

responsible operator;

owner or land user;

security mode;

access restrictions.

5. Spatial Geometry

The passport must contain an accurate digital model of the site.

Included:

border polygon;

ridge line;

local watershed lines;

direction of slopes;

slopes;

convex and concave areas;

micro-drops;

upper troughs;

rock outcrops;

emergency waterways;

roads;

paths;

structures;

monitoring stations.

Minimum set of spatial files:

orthophotoplan;

digital elevation model;

digital surface model;

slope map;

exposure map;

relief curvature map;

hydrological runoff model;

infrastructure layer;

vegetation layer;

layer of risks.

6. Morphological type of the site

The site is classified as:

sharp rocky ridge;

wide comb;

rounded top;

flat plateau;

saddle;

upper bowl;

convex slope;

upper ravine;

rocky ledge;

upper swamp area;

mixed type.

For a mixed plot, the percentage of each morphological type is indicated.

7. Relief parameters

The following are recorded:

average slope;

maximum slope;

slope length;

relative difference in altitude;

longitudinal profile shape;

cross-section shape;

orientation;

degree of dismemberment;

density of depressions;

presence of cornices;

presence of talus;

presence of erosional furrows;

potential spillover directions.

8. Geology

The geological block contains:

bedrock type;

cracking;

degree of weathering;

permeability;

presence of karst;

waterproof layers;

inclination of layers;

faults;

talus;

loose deposits;

old landslide bodies;

areas of possible rockfall;

depth to bedrock.

The reliability of the data is indicated separately:

confirmed by drilling;

confirmed by geophysics;

determined by the map;

assessed visually;

requires clarification.

9. Soil block

For each soil contour the following are recorded:

soil type;

depth;

mechanical composition;

organic matter content;

stoniness;

density;

porosity;

water permeability;

field moisture capacity;

acidity;

electrical conductivity;

salinization;

state of the biological crust;

degree of compaction;

erosion resistance;

traces of hydrophobicity after fire;

freezing depth.

Soil data must be linked to specific sampling points.

10. Hydrological characteristics

Included:

micro-catchment area;

flow direction;

length of the main water path;

concentration time;

type of surface runoff;

infiltration capacity;

working volume of micro reductions;

presence of temporary reservoirs;

availability;

upper streams;

seasonal channels;

erosion start points;

underground water outlets;

emergency routes;

transfer points between basins.

For each element the following is specified:

normal mode;

heavy rain mode;

extreme mode;

post-failure state.

11. Precipitation

The hydrometeorological block contains:

average annual precipitation;

seasonal distribution;

maximum daily precipitation;

maximum hourly precipitation;

intensity of short showers;

duration of events;

the frequency of thunderstorms;

hail frequency;

share of snow;

frequency of rain on snow;

foggy days;

dew;

frost.

Data should be separated into:

measured;

interpolated;

model;

historical;

forecast.

12. Wind block

The following are recorded:

dominant direction;

maximum recorded gust;

seasonal destinations;

squall directions;

acceleration zones;

turbulence zones;

leeward rotors;

snow transfer;

rain transfer;

dust transfer;

risk of windfall;

influence of protective strips.

A local wind rose is created separately for:

normal period;

winters;

fire season;

storm events.

13. Snow block

The passport includes:

average snow depth;

maximum height;

SWE;

season of the beginning of accumulation;

melting season;

blowing zones;

drift zones;

snow cornices;

avalanche areas;

ice crusts;

rain on snow;

soil freezing;

direction of melt runoff;

dangerous points of ice jams.

The amount of water that is potentially contained in the snow reserve of the site is indicated separately.

14. Fog and horizontal precipitation

The following are recorded:

fog frequency;

duration;

cloud layer height;

direction of the wet wind;

fog interception intensity;

natural fog collectors;

artificial collectors;

water quality;

risk of icing;

contribution to soil moisture;

connection with springs.

15. Vegetation

The plant block contains:

community type;

general coverage;

proportion of bare soil;

list of dominant species;

local species;

rare species;

invasive species;

high-rise tiers;

grass density;

shrub cover;

tree layer;

average height;

age structure;

root architecture;

condition of mosses;

condition of lichens;

dry biomass;

fire load;

wind damage;

traces of grazing;

natural regeneration.

16. Biodiversity

The following are indicated:

major plant communities;

insects;

pollinators;

birds;

mammals;

amphibians;

reptiles;

mushrooms;

soil fauna;

seasonal migrations;

breeding grounds;

ecological corridors;

sensitive species.

Each entry can be linked to the Mountain Biodiversity Atlas.

17. Springs and springs

If the site is within the spring's feeding area, the following are recorded:

source code;

distance to the exit;

supposed hydrogeological connection;

delayed response to precipitation;

contribution of snow nutrition;

fog contribution;

influence of roads;

state of the infiltration zone;

restrictions on land use.

If the source is located inside the site, the following are added:

consumption;

temperature;

turbidity;

electrical conductivity;

water quality;

exit state;

environmental consumption;

water intake.

18. Erosion

The erosion map should show:

leaf wash;

furrows;

gullies;

ravines;

wind erosion;

loss of soil crust;

road erosion;

erosion near overflows;

sediment accumulation;

root exposure;

moving stones.

For each zone the following are recorded:

square;

depth;

speed of development;

cause;

risk level;

measures taken;

efficiency.

19. Landslide and geotechnical stability

The following are indicated:

active landslides;

old landslides;

potential sliding zones;

cracks;

tilt of trees;

wet spots;

pore pressure;

movement of benchmarks;

road subsidence;

it is not possible;

slope stability.

Plot status:

stable;

conditionally stable;

requires observation;

active movement;

closed area.

20. Fire brigade

The passport contains:

fuel type;

dry fuel mass;

vertical continuity;

horizontal continuity;

fuel moisture;

probable directions of fire;

fire corridors;

fire breaks;

technical access;

fire tanks;

connection points;

safety zones;

evacuation routes;

thermal imaging cameras;

history of fires;

post-fire mudflow risk.

21. Roads and trails

For each route the following are recorded:

code;

appointment;

type;

width;

coating;

longitudinal slope;

transverse slope;

state;

water drainage;

culverts;

emergency overflow;

erosion zones;

seasonal restrictions;

fire function;

evacuation function;

ecological transitions;

responsible service.

22. Engineering structures

Included:

terraces;

stone lines;

crescents;

microcups;

infiltration elements;

reservoirs;

snow retention structures;

mist eliminators;

fire systems;

sensors;

masts;

bridges;

pipes;

spillways;

mudflow barriers.

For each object the following is indicated:

coordinates;

date of construction;

design function;

design load;

material;

state;

service;

final inspection;

residual resource;

failure behavior.

23. Emergency water routes

The passport must display:

main emergency route;

backup route;

inclusion points;

throughput;

type of coating;

possible traffic jams;

protected objects;

safe flood zones;

water arrival time;

depth;

speed;

sediments;

access for cleaning.

The passport cannot be considered complete if the overflow path for the storage facilities has not been defined.

24. Monitoring system

For each sensor the following are recorded:

identifier;

type;

coordinates;

height;

measured parameter;

range;

accuracy;

recording frequency;

nutrition;

connection;

calibration date;

state;

responsible;

critical thresholds.

Sensors are grouped into subsystems:

meteorology;

wind;

precipitation;

snow;

fog;

soil;

water;

geotechnics;

fire;

roads;

vegetation.

25. Historical events

The passport must keep a log of events.

For each event the following is indicated:

date;

type;

duration;

intensity;

impact zone;

damage;

volume of precipitation;

maximum wind;

soil condition;

reaction of springs;

behavior of structures;

emergency actions;

photographs;

conclusions;

corrective measures.

Event types:

abnormal downpour;

snowfall;

rain on snow;

storm;

fire;

landslide;

mudflow;

drought;

earthquake;

massive windfall.

26. Completed activities

For each intervention the following is recorded:

date;

type of work;

target;

contractor;

materials used;

square;

price;

coordinates;

before and after photos;

expected result;

actual result;

need for maintenance;

side effects.

Examples:

turf restoration;

planting shrubs;

road closure;

overflow repair;

sensor installation;

riverbed cleaning;

fire thinning;

restoration of the spring;

creating a snow pocket.

27. Performance evaluation

Every event must have a measurable indicator.

Examples:

28. Risk system

Each risk is assessed according to four parameters:

probability;

severity of consequences;

speed of development;

early detection capability.

Main risks:

shower;

flood;

erosion;

landslide;

mudflow;

windfall;

fire;

drought;

pollution;

destruction of the road;

disappearance of the spring;

avalanche;

ice jam.

29. Site condition level

The passport confers integral status.

Class A - resistant

The system operates stably, there are no critical processes.

Class B - moderately impaired

There are local problems, but they are manageable.

Class C - degrading

There is a persistent deterioration in the soil, vegetation or water regime.

Class D - dangerous

High risk of erosion, landslide, fire or infrastructure destruction.

Class E - emergency

Active hazardous process or inability to use safely.

The integrated class does not replace individual risk assessments.

30. Hydrological Stability Index

It can be formed from the following indicators:

plant cover;

infiltration;

soil density;

proportion of concentrated runoff;

state of microdepressions;

work of overflows;

erosion;

saturation;

condition of springs;

road conditions.

The index is used only for comparison of areas and dynamics, and not as an absolute truth.

31. Fire resistance index

The following are taken into account:

mass of fine fuel;

humidity;

continuity;

distance between crowns;

ladder fuel;

access;

water supply;

connection;

detection time;

evacuation routes.

32. Biological state index

Includes:

the proportion of native species;

biodiversity;

invasive species;

natural regeneration;

condition of the soil crust;

Pollinator resistance;

integrity of ecological corridors.

33. Priority of intervention

Each site is assigned a priority.

P1 - immediate

Threat to people, road, source or critical infrastructure.

P2 - high

Rapidly developing degradation.

P3 - planned

Work is required for the coming season.

P4 - observation

Active intervention is not yet required.

P5 — security

The site is stable and requires minimal impact.

34. Work plan

The digital passport must automatically or manually generate:

list of tasks;

priority;

coordinates;

responsible;

deadline;

necessary materials;

restrictions;

benchmark;

date of inspection.

Example:

Task:restore emergency overflow RG-014-OF-03. Priority:Q1. Cause:partial blockage and lateral erosion. Deadline:before the rainy season begins. CONTROL:test flow pass and geodetic survey.

35. Photographic documentation

Used:

permanent ground photo points;

panoramic shooting;

drone orthophotos;

thermal imaging;

multispectral imaging;

photographs of damage;

Photos after renovation.

Each image must have:

date;

coordinates;

shooting direction;

camera height;

author;

binding to an object.

36. Data versioning

All passport changes are saved.

You can't just replace old information with new.

The system should show:

who made the change;

When;

what parameter is changed;

previous value;

new meaning;

reason;

data source.

This is especially important for engineering and legal decisions.

37. Data quality and reliability

Each parameter receives a validity status:

A — direct measurement;

B - confirmed by several sources;

C — model estimate;

D — expert assessment;

E — assumption;

N — no data available.

A passport should show not only its value, but also the level of trust in it.

38. Access and rights

Access levels:

Public

General information, environmental conditions, permitted routes.

Camera operator

Technical condition, maintenance tasks, sensors.

Engineering

Calculations, geology, hydrology, emergency scenarios.

Emergency

Contacts, evacuation, critical objects, operational data.

Administrative

Editing, rights, revision history.

Sensitive data from drinking water sources and critical infrastructure may be limited.

39. Communication with the digital twin

The passport answers the question:

What is known about the site?

The digital twin responds:

What is happening now and what might happen next?

The passport is transferred to the digital twin:

geometry;

soil properties;

vegetation;

structures;

risks;

history;

management rules.

The digital twin returns:

forecast;

anxiety;

calculation scenarios;

recommendations;

updated indicators.

40. Mobile field application

The operator in the field must be able to:

open passport using QR code;

see your position;

add a photo;

note the damage;

measure a parameter;

create a task;

confirm repair;

work without a network;

sync data later.

The field interface should be simpler than the engineering panel.

41. QR and NFC markings

Key objects can receive a physical tag:

station;

tank;

overflow;

road;

spring;

fire point;

mist eliminator.

After scanning the following is displayed:

code;

appointment;

state;

date of last inspection;

warnings;

instructions;

contact of the person in charge.

42. Minimum passport

For the initial stage it is enough:

unique code;

borders;

height and slope;

relief type;

soils;

vegetation;

flow directions;

roads;

springs;

main risks;

photographs;

responsible;

work plan.

After this, the passport gradually expands.

43. Extended engineering passport

Includes:

detailed geology;

hydrological model;

rainfall calculation;

wind model;

snow balance;

fire model;

geotechnical sensors;

landslide forecast;

digital twin;

cascading failure scenarios.

This level is mandatory for areas above:

settlements;

roads;

reservoirs;

tunnels;

critical infrastructure.

44. Update regulations

Automatically

meteorological data;

levels;

humidity;

wind;

fire indicators;

sensor status.

Monthly

technical condition;

photographs;

roads;

structures.

Seasonal

snow;

vegetation;

fire fuel;

grazing;

fog.

Annually

full audit;

risk update;

revision of the work plan;

comparison of dynamics.

After the event

shower;

fire;

landslide;

storm;

earthquake;

massive windfall.

45. Indicators of a successful passport

A digital passport is considered a work passport if:

the boundaries of the site are clear;

data has a source and date;

risks are linked to coordinates;

the structures have responsible persons;

tasks have deadlines;

changes are saved;

the operator understands what to do;

data is used in design;

the passport is updated after the events;

It is associated with the lower levels of the catchment area.

46. ​​What not to do

It is forbidden:

create a passport only as a beautiful card;

store data without date;

mix measurements and assumptions;

assign one general risk to the site;

do not indicate the person responsible;

delete historical data;

create tasks without deadlines;

consider the absence of data as a safe state;

disclose sensitive information to all users;

collect metrics that no one uses;

separate the summit passport from the lower catchment area;

consider the passport to be expired forever.

The final principle

The digital passport of the upper zone becomes the main management record of the entire summit.

It unites:

relief;

geological;

soil;

water;

snow;

fog;

wind;

vegetation;

biodiversity;

springs;

roads;

fire;

erosion;

structures;

monitoring;

history;

responsibility;

action plan.

A digital passport transforms the summit from a poorly described territory into a manageable system where every change can be measured, every construction can be verified, and every risk can be linked to a specific action.