Environmental passports and the DREVO digital twin

Environmental passports and the DREVO digital twin

Unified system for recording, monitoring and managing living areas

Ecological restoration cannot be reliably assessed solely by photographs, isolated laboratory tests, or a general impression of the site. Long-term management requires knowledge of the site's initial condition, the history of previous interventions, the origin of the plants, soil changes, water balance, biodiversity status, and the causes of potential failures.

An environmental passport records reliable information about an object.

The digital twin combines these passports into a dynamic model that shows not only the current state of the territory but also its development over time.

The main principle of DREVO:

Every territory must have an ecological memory, and every decision taken must have a verifiable history and measurable results.

1. What is an environmental passport?

An ecological passport is a structured set of information about a natural or man-made object.

Such an object could be:

land plot;

forest;

lick;

water;

river;

swamp;

soil profile;

separate tree;

plant community;

nursery;

farm;

contaminated area;

restoration project;

urban green space;

industrial site;

coastal or mountain ecosystem.

The passport contains initial data, change history, monitoring results, information on risks and measures taken.

2. What is a digital twin?

A digital twin is a continuously updated digital representation of a real object.

It connects:

map;

object passports;

test results;

sensor data;

photographs;

satellite and aerial photography materials;

history of work;

development models;

forecasts;

management decisions.

A digital twin is not just a 3D picture.

Its main value lies in its ability to reflect the real state of the territory and show how it is changing.

3. The difference between a digital map and a digital twin

Digital map

Shows the location of objects.

For example:

trees;

reservoirs;

roads;

soil zones;

boundaries of plots.

Database

Stores information about objects.

For example:

type of tree;

planting date;

analysis results;

responsible specialist.

Digital twin

Combines the map and database by adding:

temporal dynamics;

relationships;

sensory data;

modeling;

forecasting;

scenario management;

automatic warnings.

4. Levels of the DREVO digital twin

The system is built on the principle of nested levels.

Level 1. Individual organism

tree;

bush;

rare plant;

mother plant;

animal;

colony of fungi.

Level 2. Local object

planting hole;

flowerbed;

bed;

container;

nursery area;

separate sensor;

sampling point.

Level 3. Plant community

lick;

hedge;

windbreak strip;

meadow;

coastal community;

anti-erosion planting.

Level 4. Plot

farm;

park;

nursery;

school grounds;

industrial site;

phytoremediation zone.

Level 5. Landscape

valley;

watershed;

coast;

mountain slope;

forest area;

agricultural area.

Level 6. Regional network

network of nurseries;

system of ecological corridors;

regional genetic fund;

water system;

National Recovery Program.

Each lower level is connected to the higher one.

5. Main types of environmental passports

The DREVO system provides for separate but interconnected passports:

Territory passport.

Soil passport.

Water passport.

Air and microclimate passport.

Plant passport.

Tree passport.

Plant community passport.

Genetic material passport.

Seed lot passport.

Nursery passport.

Passport of the contaminated site.

Restoration project passport.

Biodiversity passport.

Infrastructure passport.

Environmental risk passport.

Monitoring point passport.

Event or intervention passport.

6. Universal passport structure

Each environmental passport includes several mandatory blocks.

Identification

unique number;

Name;

object type;

category;

owner or custodian;

responsible specialist;

Passport creation date.

Location

side;

region;

municipality;

coordinates;

altitude;

borders;

square;

connection with cadastral data.

Origin

natural;

artificially created;

restored;

displaced;

unknown;

mixed.

Initial state

date of initial examination;

photographs;

laboratory parameters;

ecological description;

identified problems;

level of data reliability.

Current status

health;

functionality;

ecological value;

risks;

latest measurements;

current restrictions.

History

examinations;

landings;

cuttings;

processing;

watering;

accidents;

pollution;

recovery activities;

change of owner or responsible person.

Monitoring

indicators;

methods;

periodicity;

observation points;

results;

deviations.

Documents

laboratory protocols;

permissions;

contracts;

cards;

photographs;

reports;

certificates.

7. Unique identification of objects

Each object receives a permanent code.

Example:

DREVO-CH-ZH-WTZ-SITE-2026-0001

Where:

DREVO — system;

CH — country;

ZH — region;

WTZ — territory;

SITE — object type;

2026 — year of registration;

0001 is the serial number.

Object types can be designated by codes:

TREE — tree;

PLANT — plant;

SOIL — soil point;

WATER — a body of water;

SEED — a batch of seeds;

NURS — nursery;

COMM — plant community;

REM — object of remediation;

SENSOR — sensor;

EVENT — event.

The code must not be changed even after the object is destroyed, deleted, or converted.

8. Territory passport

The territory passport is the main level of the system.

It contains:

borders;

square;

relief;

heights;

slopes;

slope exposure;

geological;

soil types;

surface waters;

groundwater;

climate;

existing vegetation;

land use;

infrastructure;

history of the territory;

pollution;

conservation status;

restrictions.

All objects located on the territory are attached to the passport.

9. History of land use

The history of the site helps explain its current state.

The following are recorded:

former agricultural use;

industrial activity;

extraction of raw materials;

waste disposal;

construction;

fires;

cuttings;

land reclamation;

drying;

irrigation;

military use;

natural disasters.

Lack of information is also noted as a separate factor of uncertainty.

10. Soil passport

A soil passport describes not only its chemical composition, but also its ability to support life.

Main sections:

soil type;

profile depth;

horizons;

structure;

granulometric composition;

density;

porosity;

water permeability;

moisture capacity;

acidity;

electrical conductivity;

organic matter;

nutrient content;

biological activity;

pollution;

erosion;

compaction;

salinization.

11. Soil monitoring point

Each permanent sampling point receives:

coordinates;

number;

depth of selection;

description of the relief;

photographs;

vegetation type;

history of samples;

analysis methodology.

Repeated studies should preferably be carried out under comparable conditions and at the same depth.

12. Soil profile

For key areas, a description of the vertical section is created.

The following are recorded:

depth of horizons;

color;

structure;

density;

presence of roots;

stoniness;

signs of overwatering;

carbonate;

year;

man-made inclusions;

scent;

biological activity.

The soil profile can be presented in the form of a photograph, diagram, or 3D model.

13. Water passport

A passport is created for:

rivers;

stream;

pond;

lakes;

well;

wells;

reservoir;

irrigation water;

purified wastewater;

drainage flow.

It includes:

source;

volume;

seasonality;

temperature;

acidity;

electrical conductivity;

mineralization;

dissolved oxygen content;

nutrients;

organic contaminants;

heavy metals;

microbiological indicators;

suitability for a particular use.

14. Water balance of the territory

A digital twin can take into account:

precipitation;

surface runoff;

infiltration;

evaporation;

plant transpiration;

irrigation volume;

water accumulation;

losses;

groundwater level.

This allows you to determine where the water is:

arrives;

is delayed;

is used;

evaporates;

gets dirty;

leaves the territory.

15. Air and microclimate passport

The passport may contain:

temperature;

humidity;

wind speed and direction;

amount of precipitation;

solar radiation;

dust;

aerosols;

individual pollutants;

temperature minimums and maximums;

duration of frosts;

periods of heat;

local microclimatic zones.

A network of measuring points is created for a large area.

16. Plant passport

The passport of an individual plant includes:

botanical name;

local name;

variety;

ecotype;

origin;

method of reproduction;

genetic line;

age;

landing date;

coordinates;

state;

dimensions;

phenology;

events;

photographs;

offspring;

ecological functions.

17. Tree passport

For the tree, the following are additionally fixed:

height;

barrel diameter;

circle;

crown size;

crown shape;

condition of the bark;

root zone;

structural defects;

presence of hollows;

dry branches;

stability;

value for animals;

cultural and historical significance.

The tree's passport is kept even after its death, since it can continue to perform an ecological function as dead wood.

18. Plant community passport

It describes the plant system as a single whole.

Basic information:

community type;

square;

tiering;

dominant species;

associated species;

ground cover layer;

mushrooms;

age structure;

origin;

succession stage;

ecological functions;

self-healing level;

risks;

the need for management.

19. Biodiversity Passport

The passport includes information about:

plants;

mushrooms;

insects;

birds;

mammals;

amphibians;

reptiles;

soil organisms;

aquatic organisms.

For each observation the following is recorded:

view;

date;

place;

method;

observer;

photograph or audio recording;

level of confidence.

20. Rare and protected species

Exact coordinates of rare species may be limited in availability.

This is necessary to prevent:

illegal collection;

damage;

poaching;

accidental destruction;

excessive tourist pressure.

The public version of the passport can only show the general area of ​​presence.

21. Passport of the contaminated area

It includes:

source of pollution;

pollutant type;

concentrations;

depth;

square;

migration routes;

proximity to water;

risk to humans;

risk to animals;

land use restrictions;

measures taken;

monitoring results;

handling of contaminated biomass.

This passport is linked to the phytoremediation map.

22. Restoration project passport

It brings together the initial state and all project activities.

Sections:

target;

territory;

problems;

baseline indicators;

chosen strategy;

types used;

sources of planting material;

engineering activities;

budget;

deadlines;

responsible persons;

risks;

monitoring;

results;

corrective actions.

23. Environmental Intervention Passport

Each significant action is recorded as a separate event.

For example:

landing;

sowing;

watering;

pruning;

compost application;

ditch construction;

removal of contaminated soil;

processing;

sensor installation;

fire;

flood;

death of plants.

The event contains:

date;

place;

performer;

description;

materials used;

photographs;

related objects;

expected result.

24. Initial ecological line

Before starting a project, it is necessary to capture the initial state.

Without this, it is impossible to objectively determine what exactly has changed.

The baseline includes:

photographs;

cards;

soil indicators;

water quality;

vegetation;

biodiversity;

microclimate;

pollution;

erosion;

economic use.

25. Temporal layers of the digital twin

The system should allow viewing the territory:

before the start of the project;

after each stage;

in different seasons;

by year;

after extreme events;

in the predicted future.

In this way, the digital twin becomes an ecological archive.

26. Three-dimensional model

The three-dimensional representation may include:

relief;

buildings;

trees;

reservoirs;

roads;

soil layers;

underground communications;

drainage;

root zones;

groundwater levels.

For each object, a related passport is opened.

27. Underground part of the digital twin

Most of the ecological processes are hidden underground.

Therefore, it is desirable to model:

soil horizons;

root systems;

groundwater;

drainage;

contaminated layers;

underground communications;

compaction zones;

permeable and impermeable layers.

The underground model always contains some uncertainty that must be explicitly reflected.

28. Data sources

A digital twin can receive information from:

field surveys;

laboratories;

sensors;

weather stations;

satellites;

drones;

geodetic survey;

lidar;

spectral chambers;

camera trap;

civilian observations;

archival maps;

state registers.

Each source receives a reliability rating.

29. Sensor data

The sensors can measure:

soil moisture;

soil temperature;

air temperature;

air humidity;

illumination;

water level;

water consumption;

electrical conductivity;

acidity;

air pollution;

animal movement.

Measurement is always associated with:

sensor;

place;

time;

unit of measurement;

calibration;

quality status.

30. Sensor passport

Each sensor receives:

unique number;

type;

the manufacturer;

model;

measured parameter;

accuracy;

range;

coordinates;

installation date;

calibration date;

power supply;

data transfer method;

service history.

Data from a faulty or uncalibrated sensor should not be automatically considered valid.

31. Drones and remote surveillance

Drones can be used for:

mapping;

vegetation assessment;

dry-out detection;

erosion control;

search for invasive species;

plant counting;

observation of water bodies;

recording the consequences of fires and floods.

Remote sensing data must be confirmed by ground-based observations.

32. Spectral passport of the territory

Spectral imaging allows us to record the reflection of light by plants, water, and soil in different ranges.

The spectral passport may include:

vegetation condition;

water stress;

soil heterogeneity;

damage zones;

biomass dynamics;

signs of individual contamination;

seasonal changes.

The spectral signal is not a definitive diagnosis and requires field verification.

33. Photographic monitoring

For comparability it is necessary to use:

permanent shooting points;

same direction;

known height of the chamber;

date and time;

scale;

coordinates;

description of weather conditions.

A photograph should be related to the object and event, not stored without context.

34. Data reliability levels

Level A - Confirmed Data

Obtained by an accredited laboratory, verified device or specialist.

Level B - Documented Observations

They have coordinates, date, author and supporting materials.

Level C - probable data

Based on indirect evidence or incomplete examination.

Level D - Preliminary Notification

Requires verification.

Level E - Historical or oral evidence

Retained as important information, but not considered a confirmed measurement.

35. Separation of facts and interpretations

The following are stored separately in the system:

measured fact;

expert interpretation;

automatic withdrawal;

forecast;

assumption;

the decision made.

For example:

Fact:Soil moisture at a depth of 30 centimeters is a certain value.

Interpretation:Plants are experiencing water stress.

Solution:increase the volume of watering.

This separation reduces the risk of errors.

36. Data quality control

The following are checked:

fullness;

format;

units of measurement;

coordinates;

time;

calibration;

duplicates;

abnormal values;

compliance with the methodology.

Incorrect data is not necessarily deleted. It may be retained with a mark indicating it is inaccurate.

37. Versioning

All passport changes are recorded.

The system stores:

who made the change;

When;

what data was changed;

previous version;

reason for change.

This prevents undetected edits or loss of history.

38. Access rights

Access can be divided into levels.

Public access

general information;

educational data;

environmental indicators without sensitive information;

open project maps.

Professional access

monitoring results;

work cards;

production information;

technical documents.

Limited access

precise coordinates of rare species;

personal data;

commercial information;

potentially dangerous objects.

Administrative access

change of passports;

data confirmation;

rights management;

registration of decisions.

39. Data protection

It is necessary to ensure:

backup;

encryption;

access control;

action logging;

protection against accidental deletion;

storing independent copies;

the possibility of recovery after an accident.

Critical environmental data should not be stored on just one device or server.

40. Open standards

Whenever possible, the system uses:

common geographic formats;

open exchange interfaces;

export tables;

machine-readable identifiers;

standard units of measurement;

international botanical names;

generally accepted coordinate systems.

This facilitates interaction with universities, government agencies and partners.

41. Integration with cadastre and GIS

The digital twin can communicate with:

cadastral plots;

administrative boundaries;

nature conservation areas;

water protection zones;

engineering networks;

transport infrastructure;

climate maps;

soil maps.

Legal boundaries and environmental boundaries do not always coincide, so they are shown as separate layers.

42. Map of ecological functions

The following zones can be displayed for a territory:

water retention;

wind protection;

pollination;

soil formation;

food production;

biodiversity conservation;

recreation;

cooling the microclimate;

filtration of contaminants;

carbon sequestration.

One section can perform several functions simultaneously.

43. Risk map

The following are displayed in separate layers:

erosion;

drought;

fire;

flood;

landslide;

salinization;

pollution;

invasive species;

plant diseases;

anthropogenic load;

loss of biodiversity.

Risk is not static. It is recalculated as new data becomes available.

44. Environmental indicators

Measurable indicators are selected for each project.

For example:

plant survival rate;

soil covering;

organic matter content;

infiltration rate;

water quality;

number of species;

number of pollinators;

erosion area;

pollutant levels;

water consumption;

surface temperature;

natural regeneration.

45. Territory Health Index

DREVO can use a composite index that combines several groups of indicators:

soil health;

water;

vegetation;

biodiversity;

climate resistance;

pollution;

ability to self-heal.

The consolidated index should not obscure individual issues. The user should always be able to access the underlying metrics.

46. ​​Recovery Index

It shows the change from the original state.

Possible categories:

deterioration;

no significant change;

initial recovery;

sustainable improvement;

functioning ecosystem;

self-sustaining community.

The assessment must be based on predetermined criteria.

47. Goals and control values

For each indicator the following are established:

original value;

desired value;

minimum acceptable value;

deadline for achievement;

measurement method;

responsible person.

The goal must be realistic and related to the function of the territory.

48. Scenario modeling

The digital twin allows you to compare options:

no intervention;

minimal recovery;

intensive recovery;

different types of plants;

various irrigation modes;

climate change;

fire;

drought;

flood;

increase in anthropogenic load.

The model shows probable consequences, but does not guarantee the exact future.

49. Vegetation development forecast

It is possible to simulate:

crown growth;

shading;

competition;

need for water;

beginning of fruiting;

natural regeneration;

change of tiering;

displacement of individual species.

Actual observations are regularly used to adjust the model.

50. Model of ecological succession

The territory is viewed as a developing system.

The digital twin can represent the transition:

open or disturbed soil → pioneer vegetation → herbal community → shrub stage → young tree community → mature multi-tiered ecosystem.

The sequence will vary for different climates and soil types.

51. Model of water movement

The digital twin can model:

runoff along slopes;

accumulation in depressions;

penetration into the soil;

spread of pollution;

ditch efficiency;

work of watersheds;

influence of vegetation;

risk of erosion.

The model is refined through field measurements.

52. Pollution model

For contaminated areas the following are displayed:

source;

concentration;

depth;

direction of propagation;

connection with water;

change over time;

restricted area;

result of phytoremediation.

The transfer of pollution into biomass is modeled separately.

53. Digital twin of the nursery

It includes:

map of production zones;

batches of plants;

queen collections;

watering;

microclimate;

sanitary status;

composition;

production schedule;

moving plants;

order readiness;

genetic lines.

After the plant is handed over, its passport continues to exist in the digital twin of the final destination.

54. Digital twin of a forest garden

Contains:

tiers;

types;

varieties;

age;

distances;

crowns;

roots;

productivity;

pollination;

water regime;

work;

natural renewal;

plant interaction.

This makes it possible to plan the development of the forest garden for decades.

55. Digital twin of the watershed

For water collection the following are combined:

relief;

precipitation;

watercourses;

soils;

forests;

fields;

populated areas;

sources of pollution;

water intake;

infiltration zones;

water retention areas.

This level is especially important because water is not limited by administrative boundaries.

56. Digital twin of the coastal area

May include:

coastline;

dunes;

wind direction;

sand movement;

sea ​​aerosol;

salinity;

groundwater;

protective plantings;

erosion;

tourist load;

desalination infrastructure.

57. Digital twin of a mountainous area

The following are taken into account:

height;

slope;

exposure;

it is not possible;

avalanches;

slide;

water sources;

snow;

forest cover;

grazing load;

anti-erosion structures;

accessibility for technology.

58. Digital twin of a contaminated area

It unites:

pollution map;

sources;

soil layers;

groundwater;

plant communities;

access zones;

test results;

collection of contaminated biomass;

stages of remediation;

recovery forecast.

59. TREE AI

Artificial intelligence can help:

identify anomalies;

compare different data sources;

predict plant stress;

assess the risk of disease;

detect changes in vegetation cover;

plan examinations;

compare areas;

select recovery strategies;

generate reports;

warn of deviations.

All automated inferences must be labeled with their origin and confidence level.

60. Automatic warnings

The system may report:

critical drying out;

a sharp change in water quality;

sensor malfunctions;

spread of pollution;

mass stress of plants;

fire hazard;

falling water levels;

the emergence of an invasive species;

exceeding control values;

the need for re-analysis.

61. System recommendations

The recommendation must contain:

problem;

the data on which it is based;

confidence level;

proposed actions;

possible risks;

the need for verification by a specialist.

The system should not automatically perform critical interventions without human decision.

62. Ecological journal

A chronological log is kept for each object.

It records:

observations;

measurements;

work;

solutions;

weather events;

damage;

photographs;

status changes.

The log allows you to restore the complete history of an object.

63. Responsibility for data

For each type of information a responsible person is assigned:

field observer;

laboratory;

agronomist;

ecologist;

sensor operator;

owner of the site;

system administrator.

The person responsible confirms not the truth of the entire model, but the correctness of the data he entered.

64. Expert confirmation

Particularly important changes in status require confirmation by a specialist.

For example:

recognition of the territory as cleared;

change of risk category;

confirmation of a rare species;

exclusion of sanitary restrictions;

recognition of the plant as a mother plant;

closure of the remediation project.

65. Citizen Science

Residents and volunteers can add:

photographs;

flowering observations;

information about birds and insects;

pollution reports;

tree condition data;

information about unauthorized dumps.

Such records are given a preliminary status until reviewed.

66. Educational regime

For schools and visitors, the digital twin can show:

plant development;

soil arrangement;

water movement;

food chains;

change of seasons;

ecological functions;

history of the restoration of the territory.

Complex professional data is presented in a clear form.

67. Control panel

The project manager can see:

state of the territory;

key performance indicators;

warnings;

unfinished tasks;

budget;

work schedule;

need for materials;

contractor reports;

monitoring results;

risks.

68. Field application

The mobile application allows you to:

scan QR codes;

open a passport;

add a photo;

fix coordinates;

register work;

fill out the observation form;

work without communication;

sync data later.

69. Work without the Internet

For remote areas, an autonomous mode is required.

The field device stores:

cards;

passports;

tasks;

forms;

photographs;

measurements.

Once the connection is restored, the data is synchronized with the central system.

70. Integration with laboratories

The laboratory result must be uploaded along with:

sample number;

place of selection;

date;

depth;

methodology;

units;

detection limit;

name of the laboratory;

electronic copy of the protocol.

It is advisable to minimize manual transfer of results.

71. Integration with government agencies

The system can generate:

environmental reports;

cards;

plot passports;

planting registers;

monitoring results;

restoration documents;

confirmation of plant origin;

reports on the use of funds.

Formats must meet the requirements of a specific country and region.

72. Environmental audit

The auditor gains access to:

initial data;

change history;

protocols;

maps;

decisions;

photographs;

expenses;

control indicators.

The digital twin allows you to check not only the final report, but also the path it took to generate it.

73. Financial transparency

Each event can be linked to:

budget;

by contract;

performer;

materials used;

number of plants;

actual result.

This allows costs to be compared not with the number of operations performed, but with the environmental outcome.

74. Environmental cost of the result

You can count on:

the cost of one established tree;

cost of restored hectare;

cost of increasing organic matter;

cost of retained volume of water;

cost of pollution abatement;

the cost of the preserved genetic line;

cost of restoration of plant community.

75. Project archive

After the active phase is completed, the data is not deleted.

The archive contains:

initial state;

project;

changes;

results;

errors;

successful methods;

cost;

conclusions;

long-term observations.

Thus, each project becomes a source of knowledge for subsequent territories.

76. Transfer of the digital twin

When changing the owner or operator, the following are transferred:

data;

access rights;

documentation;

responsibility;

unfinished tasks;

history of decisions;

backup copies.

The ecological memory of the territory should not disappear along with the change of command.

77. Minimal digital twin

Not every project requires a complex 3D model.

The minimum version may include:

Map of borders.

Unique territory number.

Original photographs.

Soil passport.

Water passport, if present.

Plant registry.

History of events.

Monitoring indicators.

Responsible persons.

Archive of documents.

Even such a system is much more reliable than disparate files and paper records.

78. Extended Digital Twin

For large projects the following are added:

three-dimensional relief;

sensor network;

satellite data;

drones;

spectral survey;

hydrological model;

soil model;

plant growth model;

climate scenarios;

automatic warnings;

TREE AI;

financial analytics.

79. Stages of creating a digital twin

Stage 1. Inventory

Objects, data and responsible persons are defined.

Stage 2. Initial examination

Maps and basic passports are being created.

Stage 3. Digitization

Documents, photographs and test results are linked to objects.

Stage 4. Monitoring

Regular monitoring and sensors are being set up.

Step 5. Modeling

Forecasts and scenarios are added.

Stage 6. Management

The digital twin is becoming a working tool for decision-making.

Stage 7. Continuous improvement

The structure is adjusted based on the results of practical application.

80. Minimum standard of the DREVO ecological passport

Each passport must contain:

Unique identifier.

Object type.

Location.

Date of registration.

Data source.

Description of the condition.

A photograph or a diagram.

History of changes.

Responsible person.

Level of confidence.

Related documents.

Access rules.

Date of next examination.

81. Minimum standard of the DREVO digital twin

The digital twin must ensure:

Linking digital data with a real object.

Cartographic display.

History of changes.

Data versioning.

Separation of facts and forecasts.

Quality control.

Information security.

Backup.

Export data.

Appointment of responsible persons.

Possibility of adding new objects.

Saving the archive after the project is completed.

82. Example of an ecological site passport

Code:DREVO-CH-ZH-WTZ-SITE-2026-0001 Object type:public forest garden Square:1.8 hectares Original usage:agricultural area Main problems:soil compaction, low organic matter, low biodiversity Target:creating a multi-tiered productive community Number of registered plants: 624 Soil monitoring points: 12 Water bodies:one storage pond Monitoring period:at least 15 years Responsible:DREVO regional coordinator Status:stage of community formation.

83. Example of a monitoring point passport

Code:TREE-CH-ZH-WTZ-SOIL-2026-0012 Coordinates:indicated in GIS Type:constant soil point Selection depths:0–10, 10–30 and 30–60 centimeters Start of observations:March 2026 Indicators:pH, organic matter, density, conductivity, essential nutrients Periodicity:once a year Additional dimensions:after significant changes to the site Confidence level: A.

84. Example of recording an environmental event

Event code:DREVO-CH-ZH-WTZ-EVENT-2026-0048 Date:October 17, 2026 Type:planting a protective strip Number of plants: 86 Related parties:two lots of shrubs from a regional nursery Performers:staff and volunteers Weather conditions:cool, moist soil Additional steps:mulching and installation of protection CONTROL:after 30 days and after the first winter.

85. Ecological passport as a liability agreement

Passport shows:

who made the decision;

on the basis of what data;

what actions were performed;

what results were obtained;

Who is responsible for follow-up monitoring?

Thus, the passport becomes not only an information document, but also a basis for environmental responsibility.

86. Digital twin as a training system

Every solution and its result can be used for learning.

The system accumulates information:

which plants take root better;

which rootstocks are more resistant;

where erosion occurs;

Which irrigation methods are more effective?

which communities restore soil faster;

What mistakes are repeated?

Over time, the digital twin evolves into DREVO's collective ecological memory.

87. Complete system architecture

Real territory → objects → environmental passports → map → monitoring points → sensors → laboratory data → event log → time layers → models → scenarios → TREE AI → management decisions → field activities → new dimensions → updated digital twin.

The final principle

An environmental passport answers the question: what is an object and what has happened to it? A digital twin answers the question: how does the entire system function, change, and what our decisions might lead to?

The DREVO digital twin shouldn't replace the real world with a beautiful virtual model. Its purpose is to help people more closely observe real processes, preserve ecological memory, promptly detect risks, and make more responsible decisions.

The more accurately a digital model relates to soil, water, plants, animals, and human activities, the more useful it becomes for land restoration.

The goal of the system is not the digitalization of nature for the sake of digitalization itself, but the creation of a tool that helps nature remain alive.